Assessment of Acute Toxicity of Drugs in Water by Toxicity Testing Methods

Abstract

Toxicity testing has grown steadily in recent years, being a useful tool in environmental risk assessment. This review highlights different bioassays and recently developed biosensors based on acute toxicity measurements. The pollutants that creating great danger to ecosystems have generally organic and inorganic components.

Antibiotics can be resulted from pharmaceuticals companies, houses, hospitals, regional healthcare centers and poultry and livestock. Antibiotics are drugs that prevent multiplication of bacteria and various microorganisms or drugs that kill them. Antibiotics are used frequently both in our country and abroad. In our country, antibiotics are the most commonly used drug group.

Antibiotics those taken by living beings are disposed of from living metabolism as unchanged or little transformed. Antibiotic traces disposed of can not be treated in conventional wastewater treatment plants and enter directly to the receiving environment. These compounds may enter the environment through different pathways, resulting in the contamination of waste water or fresh water, where bacteria are most likely the primarily affected organisms.

In receiving environments, low concentrations of antibiotic traces can cause microorganism resistance increase and high concentrations of antibiotic traces can cause toxic effects.

In this study, the toxicity of several drugs, reflecting the most important groups of antibiotics, towards Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia manga and Lepidium sativum impacts of antibiotics explain.